A refinerys processing flow scheme is largely determined by the composition of the crude oil feedstock and the chosen slate of petroleum products. The first metal produced was copper and bronze, produced by smelting copper and tin ores in charcoal fire. Sep 05, 2014 glencores canadian copper refinery ccr is a copper refining and copper processing plant in montreal, quebec, canada. Modeling of the reduction stage during the continuous. Selenium and tellurium are generally present in slimes as intermetallic compounds of silver, copper, and occasionally gold e. A full line of premixed fluxes ready to use for fire assaying and refining precious metals. Petroleum refining and the prod uction of ulsg and ulsd october 24, 2011 page 2 2. A young man wishing to learn the art or trade could do so either through the printed word. Beneficiation by froth flotation of ore to give copper concentrate optional partial roasting to obtain oxidized material or calcines 2. Generalized proc ess description precious metals may be recovered from the ore or from refining processes of base metals such as copper and lead. Slimes generated by the refining of primary copper copper produced from ores and concentrates generally contain from 525% selenium and 210% tellurium.
In refining copper, the metal is melted down in a reverberatory furnace in a more or less oxidizing atmosphere and then further subjected to an oxidizing smelting in order to eliminate the common impurities, most of which have a stronger affinity for oxygen than has copper. Extraction of copper mining, concentration, smelting. State of theart wet, chemical refining practices are described, and the current lamtatmns and future opportunities for the physical refining of soybean oil are discussed. Melting and refining technology for copper produced from scrap charge our copper refining technology allows the use of higherimpurity charge materials, and still produce premium quality refined copper. Electrorefining general introduction in an electrorefining process, the anode is the impure metal and the impurities must be lost during the passage of the metal from the anode to the cathode during electrolysis, i. Mullick irude blister produced in smelting process may contain impurities like fe, s, 0, zn, ni, as, sb. Copper alloy scrap is added to the tbrc and to the anode furnace.
Its been in operation since 1931 and was previously part of xstrata. Chapter 6 copper production technology the last boomin technological innovation for the copper industry occurred in the first two decades of this century, whenopen pit mining, flo tation concentration,and the reverberatory smelter were adapted to porphyry copper ores. A solution of metal salt is used as an electrolyte. The copper content may vary between 3 and 27 wt% cui and zhang, 2008. The refining of blister copper, is a traditional and.
Maerz is a specialist for industrial furnace plants and one of the leading suppliers of engineering, knowhow, and process technology to the steel and copper industry. In the refining of silver, the recovery of silver from silver nitrate solution involved displacement by copper metal. Our premixed flux recipes are premeasured and ready to be used. Casting and smelting of copper began around 40003500 b. Nov 03, 2012 4 min video clip shows how copper is mined.
Pdf refining processes in the copper casting technology. Proceedings of symposium on the refining of nonferrous metals, the institution of mining and metallurgy, london, 1949, pp. Modeling of the reduction stage during the continuous refining of copper in a packed bed reactor. The estimate is a guaranteed value and is the minimum amount you will receive except adjustment in precious metal values at time of settlement. Crude copper, which is usually obtained by pyrometallurgical methods, is not suitable to serve in electrical applications because impurities greatly reduce the metals conductivity. The metal composition of different electronic scraps varies widely depending on age, origin and manufacturing. I will not attempt to forecast either the future price of copper or the future growth of the copper industry. Copper is widely used to make electrical wiring and in other applications that utilize its high electrical conductivity. The treatment of copper refinery anode slimes springerlink. Rehabilitation of the coppe r refinery, consisting of the electrolytic tank house, slimes dept.
The refinery, having a capacity of 220 ktpa of copper, was a copper. Collect the ashes formed and dissolve them in water. When electric current is passed through the electrolyte, the impure metal from the anode is dissolved in the electrolyte and an equal amount. Just like in blast furnaces, calcium carbonate is added as a flux to create the slag. Certain types of nuclear submarines use approximately 200,000 pounds of copper. The major trend in copper smelting and converting is towards improved capture of the so 2 that is evolved from oxidizing cufes 2 and other copper sulfide minerals. Three of the 20 largest copper refineries are owned by chilean stateowned copper giant codelco. Refining experience is in line with the known factors of hydrogen accelerating fatigue crack growth, and cracking of very hard materials. It is to be distinguished from other processes such as smelting and calcining in that those two involve a chemical change to the raw material, whereas in refining, the final material is usually identical chemically to the original one, only it is purer. Copper refining unlabelled process diagram image, size 0. Pdf the beginning of copper metallurgy in oman claudio. A highly localized concern, corrosion caused by aggressive waters occurs in less than 1 percent of residential installations of copper tube, according to currently available data. Process steps include mining, concentration, roasting, smelting, converting, and finally fire and electrolytic refining. That means that to become a marketready copper product it must undergo a variety of physical and.
Melting and refining technology for copper produced from. Rerefining of waste engine oil using ultrafiltration. The electrorefining of copper from a cuprous ion complexing electrolyte alan p. The conversion of copper consists of a series of physical and electrochemical processes.
Copper extraction refers to the methods used to obtain copper from its ores. Gold refining by solvent extractionthe minataur process. The copper industry was based essentially on the use of a copper starter sheet as the substrate for the refined copper deposition. For comparison, the consumption of copper scrap is forecast to in crease at a 2. The study of bronze age copper artefacts from the coastal sites of the gulf of oman, mainly coming from excavations of ras alhamra, ras alhadd and ras aljinz, provide us valuable information on early metallurgical activity. Copper refining by addicks, lawrence, 1878publication date 1921 topics copper electrometallurgy publisher new york etc. The smelting of copper the first written account of the processes of smelting and refining of copper is to be found in the 12th century. Four of the five largest refineriesand 10 of the top 20are located in mainland china. Elements can be more clearly classified as metals and nonmetals on the basis of their chemical properties. Main operation of the plant, which covers approximately 150 acres, is the refining of lead and copper bullion. Of particular interest in the treatment of slimes are the behavior and recovery of selenium. The electrolyte is copper sulphate cuso 4 mixed with a. Solvent extraction has been routinely used for copper refining since its invention in the 1960s, and it is suggested that well over 10% of refined copper production from ores is obtained by solvent extraction, accounting for millions of tonnes of metal. Copper refining by addicks, lawrence, 1878publication date 1921 topics copper publisher new york, mcgrawhill.
Us3389064a electrolytic refining of copper and tank house. The cathode plates are coated with graphite in order to remove depositing copper. Iii 4 iii3 concentration in smelter and refinery capacity 1979. Whether sugar comes from sugar beets or sugar cane, the purification process is similar for each plant, and the result is the same pure sucrose. Basics of refining of metals definition, examples, diagrams. Pdf pyrometallurgical refining of copper in an anode furnace. In the 1970s operating current densities with this technology were typically around 220250 amps per square metre. Pyrometallurgical techniques use heat to separate copper from copper sulfide ore concentrates. Bryson synopsis the minataur process mintek alternative technology for au refining is a novel route for the production of highpurity gold using solvent extraction.
The example refinery flow scheme presented in figure 5. From ore to market mined rock typically contains less than 1 percent copper. The process of electrorefining using an impure copper anode and a pure copper cathode is explained using halfreactions and their relative positions. In some applications, copper produced by this method may compete with copper that underwent electrolytic refining. Despite copper s welldocumented resistance to corrosion in most situations, corrosion can occur in copper tube exposed to aggressive or highly acidic water. Emak specially developed high gain values using physical and chemical method which can project variable capacities with turnkey facilities.
Add them to your melt to draw out impurities and refine your metals. Gold refining by solvent extractionthe minataur process by a. Copper concentrates produced by mines are sold to smelters and refiners who treat the ore and refine the copper and charge for this service via treatment charges tcs and refining charges rcs. Refining, as a specific process, deals primarily with free fatty acid removal, with or without simultaneous degumming as a singlestep operation. The other links add value to petroleum mainly by moving and storing it e. Andritz maerz offers converter, melting and refining furnaces for primary and secondary copper production, as well as for the processing copper. The understanding of the process chemistry involved in the treatment of anode slimes should be aided considerably by recent work on the formation and characterization of slimes. The five largest alone have a combined capacity of over 7 million metric tons or about 33% of global capacity. When a vein of which is found, it is acquired with the greatest labour by digging and breaking. The analysis of the refining effwctiveness of the liquid copper and selected copper alloys by various micro additions and special refining substances was performed. The buildings and structures of copper canyon camp represent the remaining elements of a facility constructed by the international smelting and refining company isarco, a utahbased copper mining company that was, after 1914, a whollyowned subsidiary of the anaconda copper mining. Ncert solutions class 12 chemistry chapter 6 general.
Gold is commonly associated with the sulfides of antimony, arsenic, copper, iron, and silver. Petroleum refining at a glance petroleum refining is a unique and critical link in the petroleum supply chain, from the wellhead to the pump. It also shows the reduction process showing copper being reduced out of solution using electricity. Blister copper in the form of a large plate is made as anode. The original engine oil contains several types of additives, namely antioxidants, antifoam, antiwear, thickeners, corrosion protection, detergents, dispersants, pour point depressants, and the extreme pressure ep additives. Refining flux premixed for melting and purifying gold. If you want to pursue higher education or you want to prepare for jobs then you must take class 12 chemistry seriously. Overview of copper production benefication process figure 2. Copper in chalcopyrite is reduced to copper sulfide. Reduction of fracture toughness due to hydrogen is known but not a practical limitation for the piping conditions and thicknesses typically encountered in refining.
The petroleum refining industry employs a wide variety of processes. Copper refinery modernisation in zambia glencore technology is currently commissioning one of its largest copper refinery conversion projects to date, the modernisation of glencores mufulira copper refinery, in zambia. In the copper industry the anode furnace is an important process step in the refining procedure to reach an improvement of the copper quality by a selective oxidation and reduction. Blocks of blister copper are casted to use as anodes and thin sheets of pure copper act as cathodes. The buildings and structures of copper canyon camp represent the remaining elements of a facility constructed by the international smelting and refining company isarco, a utahbased copper mining company that was, after 1914, a whollyowned subsidiary of the anaconda copper. Notes 2 chemistry module 6 occurrence and extraction of metals chemistry of elements zlist and explain various methods for concentration of ores gravity separation, magnetic separation, froth floatation and chemical method. Engine oils are mainly used for reducing the friction of the machinery, minimizing wear, and improving engine efficiency. In these operations some of the copper is oxidized to cuprous oxide and. Recovering selenium and tellurium from copper refinery. Blister copper is refined by an electrolytic process. It is the process of refining of metal in which impure metal is made the anode and a thin strip of pure metal is made the cathode. This led to the formation in 1931 of rustenburg platinum mines limited to work these deposits, and this company remains to this day the only platinum producer in south africa and the only major producer in. Asarco rehabilitates copper refinery pdf free download. Iii 6 iii4 copper refining capacity in the market economies by producing unit end 1977.
The solution containing the base nitrates is treated as described under the head of copper refining. Refining definition refining consists of purifying an impure material, in this case a metal. Methods have evolved and vary with country depending on the ore source, local environmental regulations, and other factors. Cook and nengping yao argonne national laboratory division of chemical engineering argonne, illinois summary the energy saving potential and refining capabilities of three copper i electrolyte systems for electrowinning copper were compared experimentally. Andritz maerz offers converter, melting and refining furnaces for primary and secondary copper production, as well as for the processing copper industry. Refining of copper blister copper is refined by electrolysis. Degumming, refining and bleaching soybean oil pdf free download. Copper and zinc were added to cheapen and to strengthen them. Improved so 2 capture benefits the environment and the resulting h 2 so 4 product can be used for leaching oxide and supergene sulfide. Once received, alexy metals will offer an estimate based on what we believe the value is based on our evaluation using nondestructive testing. Overview of a typical beneficiation process at a concentrator.